Water cavity degasser for electrolysis cells

Degasser, a cylindrical container made of plastic thick enough to withstand operating pressures of electrolysis module, removes accumulated gases from water cavities without loss of electrolyte

Water electrolysis module

Module utilizes static water-feed electrolysis system and air-cooled fins to remove heat generated by cell inefficiencies. Module generates 0.15 pounds of oxygen and 0.0188 pounds of hydrogen at current density of 100 amps per square foot. Generator operates in aircraft, spacecraft, or submarine cabins

Comment on "Anderson transition in disordered graphene"

We comment on a recent letter by Amini et al. (EPL 87, 37002 (2009)) concerning the existence of a mobility edge in disordered graphene.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

The state space of short-range Ising spin glasses: the density of states

The state space of finite square and cubic Ising spin glass models is analysed in terms of the global and the local density of states. Systems with uniform and gaussian probability distribution of interactions are compared. Different measures for the local state density are presented and discussed. In particular the question whether the local density of states grows exponentially or not is considered. The direct comparison of global and local densities leads to consequences for the structure of the state space.Comment: 18 pages (including 6 figures); submitted to Z.f.Physik

The Preparation of Liposomes Derived From Mixed Micelles of Lecithin Added by Sodium Cholate, Followed by Dialysing Using Hemoflow High Flux F60S

Liposomes are used for drug carriers meaning that drugs are incorporated in the membrane or the vesicle of the liposomes. In this study, liposomes were prepared from mixed micelles, consisting of phosphatidylcholine, without or with cholesterol and sodium cholate was added in several ratios namely 0.44; 0.55; 0.63; 0.70; 0.90 and 1.10. After the preparation, the sodium cholate has been removed by a dialysis membrane, using the Hemoflow High Flux, which is generally used for haemodialysis. The Hemoflow High Flux is a tool in an effort to obtain a simple, quick, effective method for removing sodium cholate in the process of preparing liposomes. The effectiveness of this tool was proved by the particle size of the liposome which was measured by the Malvern Particle Sizer. The particle size of the liposome consisting of phosphatidylcholine (PC) without cholesterol and with cholesterol was 63-68 nm at all ratios and approximately 125 nm at the ratio of 0.55; 0.63; 0.70, respectively. The particle size of the liposome tended to be smaller after dialyzing, although the concentration of lipids tended to increase. However, a large amount of buffer solution has to be used with this method

Emission spectra from single rovibronic quantum states in S1 benzene after Doppler-free two-photon excitation

Dispersed emission from single rovibronic quantum states in S1 benzene is measured after Doppler-free two-photon excitation under low pressure conditions (0.3 Torr). This was made possible by a long-term stabilization of the single-mode dye laser yielding a stability of better than 1 MHz/h. The emission spectra of unperturbed rotational levels in the 141 and the 14111 vibronic states reveal a great number of detailed results on Duschinsky rotation and long-range Fermi resonances in the electronic ground state. By contrast, it is seen that the emission spectra from perturbed rovibronic states are contaminated by additional bands. The analysis of these bands leads in most cases to an identification of the coupled dark background state and the responsible rotation–vibration coupling process (H42 resonances). The emission spectra clearly demonstrate that even for a density of states of 60 1/cm−1, coupling in S1 benzene is still selective and far from the statistical limit. It is further demonstrated that the dark and the light states are more efficiently mixed by short-range couplings with coupling matrix elements of some GHz than by long-range Fermi resonances. The Journal of Chemical Physics is copyrighted by The American Institute of Physics

Pathogenicity in Verticillium on strawberry plants

In the most common strawberry cv. ’Elsanta’, Verticillium infection can lead to rapid wilt and even death of plants. It is known, that a dead plant can be located directly beside vital ones. In a survey of 8 fields in Brandenburg, Mecklenburg- Vorpommern, Sachsen-Anhalt and Sachsen, 432 genotypes of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. were isolated from wilted and even vital plants from 8 fields and classified by PCR-fingerprints. For strawberries, the genotypes can be classified as apathogenic, weakly and highly pathogenic according to the results of climate chamber experiments on strawberry transplants. At landscape scale, similarity analysis of the PCR fingerprints of 432 genotypes resulted in 13 genetic subtypes. Several of these subtypes occurred at all fields, whereas 1 subtype was found in one location only. At field scale, 2 to 11 different subtypes per field were observed. Vital plants were colonised by up to 9 subtypes, wilted plants by up to 11 subtypes. Population structure of Verticillium subtypes is different between vital and wilted plants, the same subtypes can occur in either plant group. In our plot experiments, wilt symptoms could be reduced by changing the Verticillium population structure in the plant. Inoculation of plants with a mixture of three Verticillium genotypes sustained plant vitality over a period of 15 months (WO 2007/051654)